论在公共生活中实现人的类本质——基于马克思劳动异化的视角

A Study of Realization of Human Nature in Public Life:A Perspective of Marx’s Theory of Alienated Labor

在马克思劳动异化理论的论述里,资本主义私有制是导致出现违背人的类本质异化状况的根本原因。然而在社会主义的公共生活中劳动异化却依旧存在。究其深因,在于公共生活的公共性本质在工业化社会以外再约束的形态得以体现,这种依靠硬性制度实现公共性的途径只具备程序合法性,没有深入人心的实质合理性。只有打破政府作为公共生活单一承载主体的现状,构建多元中心自由合作治理的自治模式,使公共生活成为人们平等、自由参与的领域,人的能动性才能得到释放,以实现人的类本质。

According to Marx＇s theory of alienated labor, the capitalist private ownership is the root cause of alienation which is contrary to human nature. However, in the socialist public life still exists alienation of labor. The root cause of the alienation lies in that the public nature of public life in the industrialized society is pre-sented in the form of external constraints. The means by which the public nature is shown is the hard and fast system which only has procedural legitimacy, but not the substantive rationality winning support from people. Thus, to realize human nature, the rule has to be broken that the government acts as the only subject in public life, the autonomous mode has to be constructed that is characteristic of multiple centers, and of free coopera-tion in governance. As a result, the public life becomes the world where people are equal and free to partici-pate in social activities, and to play their dynamic role.