长江上游向家坝库区鸟类多样性研究及生境价值评估

DIVERSITY OF BIRDS AND HABITATS EVALUATION IN XIANGJIABA RESERVOIR AREA IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

2011年利用样线法对长江上游向家坝库区夏、秋季鸟类进行了实地考察,共记录110种鸟类,隶属15目39科。通过5个调查点、2个对照点不同生境鸟类的多样性研究发现:(1)夏、秋季库区不同生境鸟类的Shannon-Wiener指数较低,几乎均未超过1.5,鸟类物种多样性相对贫乏;(2)库区各生境鸟类Pielou指数均超过了0.75,说明库区环境虽以人工植被为主,但并不单调;(3)阶地疏林灌丛、竹林与常绿落叶阔叶混交林的鸟类相似性差异最小,而二者与芦苇、荩草丛滩地的差异最大,库区鸟类在不同生境中的分布存在着显著不同。在上述研究的基础上,从物种多样性和河流景观保护的角度,对库区鸟类的不同生境类型进行多要素综合分析,结果显示:山地森林生境的物种多样性相对丰富,生态价值最高,而河滩和阶地疏林灌丛、竹林生境具备一定的景观特色,也有相当的生态价值。

The upper reaches of the Yangtze River is not only the most important area of biodiversity protec- tion in Chinese freshwater region, but also one of the key ecoregions of the Global 200, which is the list of priorities for the purpose of global biodiversity protection. The recovery and improvement of the environ- mental quality in this area have already been the focus of the ecological protection and management in this area with extremely frequent human activities. Birds are extremely sensitive to environment changes and human interference, which has been used frequently in monitoring the environmental risks human beings face. The scientific field survey of the diversity features of birds （community composition, population size, spacial distribution, etc. ） ,by line transect methods, in Xiangjiaba Reservoir Area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was carried out in the summer and autumn of 2011. Systematic analysis was conducted on the dynamic changes of birds influenced by human activities and the relationship between them. One hundred and ten species of birds belonging to 39 families in 15 orders were recorded. Through the research on the diversity of birds in different habitats of 5 investigation sites and 2 control sites, three results have been found. （1） The Shannon-Wiener Indexes of birds were comparatively low in different habitats of the research area in summer and autumn, hardly exceeding 1.5, which indicated the species diversity of birds were relatively poor in this area. （2） The Pielou Indexes of birds all exceeded 0.75 in different habitats of the research area, which indicated the enviorenment in the reservoir area was mainly dominated by artificial vegetation, but not monotonous at all. （3）The spatial distributions of birds in different habitats were strik- ingly different the similarity difference of birds between thin forest thickets and bamboo groves of ter- races and mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forests was minimum, but the difference between the above two and Phragmites australis and Arthrazon hispidus clusters in river beaches was maximum. On the basis of the above researches, multifactor comprehensive analysis was carried out on different habi^tat types of birds in Xiangjiaba for the purpose of protecting the species diversity and river landscape. The re- suits show that there were abundant species diversity of birds in mountain forest habitats, and very high ecological values in this research area; furthermore, the thin forest thickets and bamboo groves in river beach and terrace habitats had certain landscape features, and considerable ecological values as well. These findings provide scientific evidence for the environmental protection and sustainable development in Xiangjiaba Reservoir Area.