企业利润差距的测算及其走势研究--基于上市公司的国际比较证据

The Estimate and Trend of Gap between Corporate Profits——Based on the International Comparative Evidences of Listed Companies

企业收入分配是国民经济运行的重要环节,然而企业收入分配结构、利润差距的研究却很少。本文在企业利润差距研究方面取得了新进展,着重研究了企业利润差距两个方面的基本问题:一是企业利润差距的测算,对现有的包含负值收入的基尼系数计算方法进行了改进,详细论证了企业利润差距的测算方法:企业利润基尼系数,利用全球上市公司数据库进行了实证计算。二是企业利润差距的走势,本文提出了企业利润差距库兹涅茨曲线,基于12个国家的实证研究证明其是存在的,并且呈现出"N型",说明经济增长率变化对企业利润差距存在影响。国际比较研究的结果表明:下一步中国上市公司企业利润差距会缩小;上市公司利润差距很大的情况在各国普遍存在,中国上市公司和其他国家比较,利润差距反而是比较小的,问题在于中国高盈利企业的严重结构失衡。下一步国民经济改革需要减少要素价格管制、推进要素价格市场化。

Corporate income distribution is an important part of national economic performance. However, researches about corporate income distribution and the profit gap are few. This paper makes new progress on research about the gap between corporate profits by focusing on the following two fundamental issues. The first one is the calculation of the gap between corporate profits. This paper expands the existing calculation method of Gini coefficient with negative incomes, and researches the calculation method of the gap between corporate profits in detail： corporate profits Gini coefficient, and conducts empirical calculations using the global database of listed company as well. The second one is the trend of the gap between corporate profits. This paper puts forward Kuznets curve of corporate profits gap, and also proves its existence through empirical research based on 12 countries, besides the ＂N-type＂ Kuznets curve indicates that changes in economic growth have impacts on the gap between corporate profits. Intenaational comparative study shows that the profit gap between Chinese listed companies will get narrow in the next step, it is prevalent that the gap between listed companies is large in various countries, and compared with other countries, the profit gap between Chinese listed companies is relatively small, and the problem lies in the serious structural imbalance of Chinese highly profitable companies. The following national economic reform needs to reduce factor price control, and promote factor price liberalization.