为什么出口会抑制中国企业增加值率?——基于政府行为的考察

Why does Export Inhibit Chinese Enterprises' Value-added Ratio?——An Investigation Based on Government's Behavior

本文从微观层面来分析中国制造业企业出口和增加值率之间的关系,并探讨转型背景下政府干预行为对企业出口和增加值率关系可能造成的作用效应及其内在机制。结果发现,出口确实对中国制造业企业增加值率造成抑制效应。而且,出口通过对企业研发和广告投入的抑制强化了这种抑制效应。进一步发现,政府干预对企业出口和增加值率之间关系造成了扭曲效应。首先,国有和外资企业有着更高增加值率,这可能反映出政府政策偏向和不平等带来的影响效应,然而,与民营企业对比,这并没有促使它们具有获取更高出口收益的能力。其次,政府补贴和税收优惠并没有使得出口企业获得更高增加值率,相反其表现出的是抑制效应。最后,地方政府干预所造成的要素市场扭曲程度越高地区中的企业整体上有着更高增加值率,这就揭示中国地方政府行为在更广泛尺度上对企业收益产生了深刻影响。但是,要素市场扭曲对出口企业的增加值率表现出的是抑制效应,而民营企业具有将要素市场扭曲转化为出口收益的能力。本文研究结果意味着,中国已经处于出口政策调整的窗口期,调整重心应放在如何减少政府干涉,以促进企业获取出口收益的内在能力的打造与提升方面。

In this paper, we have, from the micro-aspect, analyzed the relationship between the export of China's manu facturing firms and the value-added ratio(VAR), and explored the effect, made possibly by the government interven tion(GI) in the background of the economic transition, on the relationship between firms' export and the VAR, and its internal mechanism. By the results, we have discovered that the export has indeed the inhibitory effect on the VAR of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. We have further found that the GI has had a distorting effect on the rela tionship between the exports and the VAR. Firstly, state-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises have higher VAR, which possibly reflects the bias of the government policy and the effect of the influence brought about by inequality, however, compared with that of private enterprises, this has not made them have the attainment of still higher VAR; secondly, the government subsidies and tax preferences have not caused the export enterprises to get still higher VAR, on the contrary, what they have expressed has been the inhibitory effect; thirdly, the enterpris es, as a whole, of in the area where the higher the degree of distortions, caused by the local governments, of the fac tor markets, have still higher VAR, which reveals that the behavior of China's local governments has, in a broader scale, had a profound impact on enterprises' gain. However, what the distortion of the factor markets has expressed to the VAR of the export enterprises has been the effect of inhibition, while private enterprises have the ability to turn the distortion of factor markets to the gain from exports. The results of our study indicate that China has been in the period of the window of the adjustment of the export policies, that the focus of policy adjustment should be how to reduce the GI in order to spur enterprises to acquire the making and increase of the internal ability of the earnings from exports.