从奥斯丁作品看写实小说的意识形态模糊性

Austen's Works as Examples of the Ideological Ambiguity of the Realist Novel

简·奥斯丁的作品是写实小说意识形态模糊性的典型例子。《傲慢与偏见》对于乡绅、工商业中产阶级和贵族的描写有褒有贬的描写,造成小说在意识形态方面模棱两可的印象,使作者得以表达一些为当时社会尚难接受的思想而毋需冒挑战现行秩序之险。在《爱玛》一书中,这种意识形态模糊性除了表现于类似描写外,还反映在对女主人公的地位的不同解读以及两条婚恋线索发出的互相矛盾的信号。这种模糊特征其实并不反映奥斯丁本身的意识形态立场,而由现代写实小说的形式及其商业性导致产生。

Jane Austen＇s novels are typical of the ideological ambiguity that characterizes the realist novel. Pride and Prejudice＇s well - balanced portrayal of the landed gentry, the middle class and the aristocracy creates an ideologically ambiguous impression that enables the author to convey certain progressive ideas that otherwise would have little chance of finding expression without appearing to challenge the status quo. A similar impression runs through Emma, with its open interpretation of the heroine＇s role and the conflicting ideological messages sent by the two marriages. Such ambiguity does not so much represent Austen＇s own ideological position as reflects what the form and commercial nature require of the modern realist novel.