《慈悲》中读者和人物的认知模式建构

On Reader's and Character's Cognitive Model Construction in A Mercy

作为后经典叙事学的重要分支之一,认知叙事学旨在构建一种普遍的阅读认知理论,即读者对人物和人物对人物的认知过程。认知叙事学既可以帮助读者深入的了解作品中人物的思维特征,更好的体现叙事的交流效果,而且还可以更为深入透彻地了解读者对作品中人物的思维过程。运用认知叙事学理论对莫里森新作《慈悲》进行分析可以看出,作品中人物对人物的认知以及读者对人物的认知过程由于受到了外界"刺激物"和"图式知识"因素的影响,都经历了一波三折的"再图式化",之后才建立起各自的认知模式。而这些不顺利的认知过程不仅清晰地呈现了人物的思维过程,彰显了叙事的交流和认知作用,同时人物对人物的情感和读者对人物的情感也随着这些认知过程得到了升华。

As one of the most significant sub-branches of post-classical narratology, cognitive narratology aims at construc- ting a kind of universal reading cognitive theory, namely, the cognitive processes of reader to character and of character to character. Through cognitive narratology, we can get an in-depth picture of the character＇ s mind, perfectly demonstrating the communicative effect of narration. More importantly, reader＇ s interpretative process towards character can also be thoroughly unfolded by means of cognitive narratology. By employing the theory of cognitive narratology, the present paper endeavors to show that in A Mercy, the cognitive processes of character to character and of reader to character both undergo lots of uneven ＂re-schematizations＂ due to the influence of the outside ＂attractors＂ and individual inside ＂schema knowledge＂; Those unsmooth cognitive processes clearly reveal character＇s mind and manifest the communicative and cognitive functions of narration; Meanwhile, the affections either between characters or between reader and character are sublimated accordingly.