血糖负荷为基础的食物交换份在糖调节受损患者中的应用与效果评价

Application and Evaluation of a Novel Food Exchange Serving Based on Glycemic Load in Patients with Impaired Glucose Regulation

目的探讨以血糖负荷为基础的食物交换份对糖调节受损(IGR)患者血糖、血脂代谢及营养摄入状况的影响。方法从健康体检中选取符合空腹血糖受损(IFG)和/或糖耐量减低(IGT)的患者63例(统称为葡萄糖调节受损IGR),其中男性29例,女性34例,根据体质指数(BMI)分为正常体型组38例(BMI 21.0±1.11),超重体型组25例(BMI26.6±0.95)。通过分期讲座、编制个体化低血糖负荷(GL)食谱等方式进行为期8个月的营养干预。结果干预后两组患者血清FBG、PBG、HbA1c、TC均显著降低(P<0.05),超重体型组血清甘油三酯显著降低(P<0.05);膳食摄入方面,超重体型组平均每日能量、碳水化合物、脂肪摄入量均显著降低(P<0.05);正常体型组蛋白质摄入量显著增加(P<0.05),脂肪摄入量显著降低(P<0.05)。干预后两组患者整个膳食GL显著降低(P<0.05),膳食纤维摄入量显著增加(P<0.05);两组患者膳食摄入的合理性均得到较大改善。结论以GL为基础的食物交换份的干预模式易被IGR患者接受,利于患者控制血糖、血脂水平,改善营养摄入状况。

Objective To explore the effect of a novel food exchange serving based on glycemic load（GL） on the patients with impaired glucose regulation（IGR）.Methods Sixty-three（including 29 men and 34 women） patients with impaired fasting glucose（IFG） or impaired glucose tolerance（IGT） were divided into two groups on the basis of BMI： normal body type group with 38 cases whose BMI was（21.0±1.11） and overweight body type group with 25 cases whose BMI was（26.6±0.95）.All patients received an eight-month intervention by the ways of instruction,individual LGL recipes and telephone consultation.Results After the intervention,fasting and postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated-hemoglobin and total cholesterol of the two groups were decreased significantly（P0.05）.Serum level of TG,the intake of energy,carbohydrate and fat were all decreased significantly in overweight body type group（P0.05）.The intake of protein was increased significantly（P0.05）,while the intake of fat was decreased significantly（P0.05） in normal body type group.The average daily dietary GL of the two groups was decreased significantly（P0.05）,while the intake of diet fiber was increased significantly（P0.05）.Conclusion The novel food exchange serving based on glycemic load（GL） is not only easily accepted by patients with IGR,but also beneficial to improving their blood glucose,lipid profile and nutritional state.