老年人的运动与抗氧化补剂

Exercise and antioxidant supplements in the elderly

运动和衰老都能使活性氧(ROS)增多,造成细胞损伤。衰老通常由在有丝分裂后细胞中ROS对线粒体基因组造成损伤引起,大量研究表明,ROS及其附属物会因运动而增加。ROS在压制抗氧化细胞防御时会引起氧化应激。因此,以限制或抑制ROS生成为目的的干预措施,例如抗氧化维生素补剂,可减轻肌肉收缩时的疲劳感,从而使衰老形成速度随衰老速度和疾病发病机制而降低。然而,ROS已被证明是促进运动和长寿健康必需的基本信号分子。对于年轻人而言,要让骨骼肌正常产生力量、生成耐力训练引发的适应力和形成内源性防御系统,ROs都必不可少。因此,年轻运动员在运动训练中摄取抗氧化剂似乎是有害的。但抗氧化物补剂对积极锻炼的老年群体可能有益,而且正逐渐受到关注。本文综述了与这一主题相关诸领域的文献资料。

Both exercise and aging increase reactive oxygen species （ROS）, which can result in damage to cells. Aging is the result of damage caused by ROS to the mitochondrial genome in post mitotic cells and numerous studies have demonstrated an increase in ROS or their byproducts with exercise. ROS can cause oxidative stress as they overwhelm the antioxidant cellular defenses. Therefore interventions aimed at limiting or inhibiting ROS production, such as supplementation with antioxidant vitamins, should be able to reduce fatigue during muscle contraction and the rate of formation of aging changes with a consequent reduction of the aging rate and disease pathogenesis. However, it has been shown that ROS are essential signaling molecules which are required to promote the health benefits of exercise and longevity. In young individuals, ROS are required for normal force production in skeletal muscle, for the development of training-induced adaptations in endurance performance, as well as for the induction of the endogenous defense systems. Thus, taking antioxidants during training, in young athletes, seems to be detrimental. However, antioxidant supplementation may be expected to be beneficial and is receiving growing attention in the active old population. In this manuscript we review the literature associated with the main areas of interest in this topic.