文学理论在西晋的新变——儒道调和——以“旁观者”葛洪为中心

A New Turn of Literary Theory in Western Jin Dynasty: Integration of Confucianism and Taoism as Observed in Ge Hong

葛洪以道教领袖、道教学者的身份,一方面挑战儒家伦理道德在文学理论领域的主流地位,提出"文德钧等"的儒道调和的文学创作原则;另一方面,从道教的宗教适用角度提出文章应有益于教化,从而与儒家主张的文章政教合一思想殊路同归。合上述两个方面观之,文学理论在西晋出现了新的变化——儒道调和。

As the leader of Taoism at hat time, Ge Hong integrated Confucianism and Taoism in literary theory. On the one hand, he challenged the dominance of Confucianist ethics in literature with his principle of ＂equal importance of literariness and morality＂ ; on the other hand, he proposed that literary work should be didactic consistent with his Taoism＇s religious aims, which is alike to the Confucian doctrine of ＂combining literature with politics and culture＂ . In this sense, it can be deemed as a new turn of literary theory in Western Jin Dynasty, that is, the integration of Confucianism and Taoism.