高速列车车体结构振动和车内声学特性分析

Analysis of Structural Vibration and Internal Acoustical Characteristics of High-speed Passenger Train

为了研究高速载客列车车体结构振动及车内声学特性,建立高速列车有限元模型,对全车体进行模态分析和轨道谱响应分析,并基于声与结构耦合对车体内腔进行声学模态分析。车体前200阶固有模态频率跨度为0.62～100.27 Hz,前6阶0.62～1.51 Hz为车身整体相对于转向架的低频振动,其余各阶为车身结构的弹性振动。当施加我国200 km/h等级提速线路通用轨道谱激励时,体振动在0～2.00 Hz的低频有较大响应。车体内腔前200阶声学模态频率跨度为0～126.66 Hz,在20～100 Hz之间模态比较密集。

The finite element model of a high-speed passenger train was established to investigate its structural vibration and internal acoustic characteristics. Modal analysis and track spectral analysis were carried out for the entire train. The acoustical response property inside the vehicles of the train was analyzed with the acoustic-structure coupling effect considered. The result of structural modal analysis indicates that the first 200 order natural frequencies of the train are ranged in 0.62~100.27 Hz. For the first 6 order, the frequency range is limited in 0.62~1.51 Hz, which is the vibration of the whole body of the train relative to the bogies. The others are the structural elastic vibrations of vehicles. Under the exciting of the domestic general track spectrum of the railways in the level of 200 krn/h, the displacement response of the vehicles is larger in the low frequency range of 0-2 Hz. The first 200 order natural frequencies of the vehicle＇ s cavity are ranged from 0 Hz to 126.66 Hz, and the modals are quite concentrated in the frequency range of 20- 100 Hz.