性别与超越:对儿童家庭照顾责任的性别效应研究

A Study of Gender Problem in Children Caring in Chinese Family

儿童家庭照顾责任具有高度性别分工与私人领域化的特征,在"照顾责任家庭化"的整体格局中,女性往往承担更多的照顾责任,即呈现"照顾责任女性化"的现象。本文以"重生行动"唇腭裂患儿照顾者为例,从依附理论、性别角色理论、关怀伦理理论等社会性别理论视角出发,以照顾责任期待归属的性别差异、照顾内容的性别差异、照顾压力的性别差异三个维度探讨"照顾责任"的性别效应,提出合理分配家庭照顾责任,构建家庭照顾网络;摈弃照顾女性化标签,检视"照顾责任女性化"在学术谱系中的阐释方式;重视女性照顾工作社会价值的价值,推动照顾政策的变革与完善;社会工作者秉持优势视角,建立女性家庭照顾的社会支持系统等反思性建议。

The task of taking care of children in Chinese family is characterized by gender orientation and pri- vacy. With the general situation of ＂ family undertaking the responsibility of taking care of children＂ in China, women often take more responsibility in this work, the feminization in family children caring. This paper reports an empirical study of the attendant of a child with cleft lip and palate in the ＂rebirth action＂. From perspectives of the dependency theory, the theory of gender role and the theory of care esthetics, the author discusses the gender prob- lem in children caring in Chinese family from three levels： the difference between man and woman in expectation for task arrangement, in work content and in wok pressure. The paper proposes measures to solve the problem from four respects ： constructing a family network for taking care of children by a reasonable arrangement of the task, ex- amining the academic interpretation of ＂female family members undertaking the responsibility of taking care of chil- dren＂ without the female tablets for this job, implementing the policies for children caring and for women＇s value in children caring, and establishing a social supporting system for women＇s children caring.