种植年限对大棚蔬菜地土壤微生物群落结构多样性的影响

Effect of planting years on microbial community and functional diversity of greenhouse vegetable soils

利用常规理化分析、微生物培养方法及Biolog微生物自动分析系统和PCR-DGGE手段分析了瑞安市不同种植年限大棚蔬菜地土壤微生物群落生态功能多样性和遗传功能多样性的变化特征,探讨长期大棚设施栽培对土壤微生物性质的影响。结果表明,随着种植年限的增加,大棚蔬菜地土壤全盐量及pH显著升高,土壤有机质显著下降;土壤微生物生态功能多样性、群落和功能发生了明显的变化,其中,土壤中总细菌的遗传功能多样性未发生了显著性变化,但氨氧化细菌(AOB)优势种群发生了显著改变,且多样性从丰富变为较单一;土壤氨氧化古菌(AOA)受施肥、植被及土壤pH等环境因素影响较小,当大棚种植年限足够长时其多样性不仅没有减少,反而呈现增加的趋势。

The variation characters of ecological and genetic diversity of soil microbial community in greenhouse vegeta- ble soils under different planting years in Ruian were analyzed by traditional physical and chemical analysis, microbial cultivation method, Biolog microbial automatic analyzer and PCR-DGGE method, in order to investigate the effect of long-period cultivation under greenhouse on the features of soil microbial community. The results showed that with the planting years increased, the soil total salt content and pH were remarkably increased, but the soil organic content de- creased. The ecology functional diversity of soil microbe changed remarkably,as well as the community and function. The gene function diversity of the total bacteria didn＇t significantly change, but diversity of the predominant species of ammonia oxidizing bacteria changed remarkably and the diversity became relatively simple. The ammonia oxidizing archaea was less affected by the fertilization method,vegetation and environmental factors ,such as the pH of soil. With the planting year ex- tended, the diversity of ammonia oxidizing archaea did not decrease, but showed increasing trend.