越南古史起源略论

On the Origins of Vietnamese Ancient History

越南古代历史学家在不同的历史时期先后为本国构建了四个古史起源,即《越史略》黄帝时期十五部落说、《安南志略》南越国说、《大越史记全书》炎帝神农氏说、《钦定越史通鉴纲目》雄王说,其中后三者又分别是各史书创设的越南国统之始。其中南越国说为陈朝官方肯定;炎帝神农氏说为后黎朝官方认可;雄王说则是阮朝嗣德帝君臣根据朱熹纲目体撰史方法、符合政治需要,从吴士连炎帝神农氏说中截取而来。与司马迁《史记》塑造的黄帝起源说相比较,南越国说采用信史,十五部落说、炎帝神农氏说和雄王说则采传说入史,在时间上均未超越黄帝。这四个古史起源是越史家采写古代典籍和中越传说、根据中国史学理论及撰著方式构建而成的,体现了越南史既与中国史紧密相连,却又相对独立发展的史学思想。

Analysis of four ancient Vietnamese historian books,the historians thought that there were four history origins of their country in different times,and four books recorded them respectively.The first is fifteen tribes in the period of Huang recorded by YUE SHI LUE written at thirteen century,the second is Nanyue kingdom recorded by AN NAN ZHI LUE also written at thirteen century,the third is Yan Emperor recorded by History of Great Vietnam written at fifteen century,the last is XiongWang recorded by QIN DING YUE SHI TONG JIAN GANG MU written at nineteen century.Nanyue kingdom and Yan Emperor and XiongWang were also the beginnings of Vietnam established which structured by the historians.Compared with origin of Huang written by Simaqian,origin of Nanyue kingdom came from faithful historical account.Origins of Huang and Yan Emperor came from legend.Origins of XiongWang was the king of Side and ministers in Ruan period cut out from origin of Yan Emperor and written for politics.The four origins did not exceed period of Huang.The four origins created by the historians who compiled ancient classics and studied from Chinese history theories,not only expressed deep relations of Chinese and Vietnamese history,but also reflected relatively independent historiographical thought of Vietnam.