浙江省百山祖自然保护区小型兽类群落结构的垂直变化

Vertical Variation of Community Structure of Small Mammals in Baishanzu Nature Reserve

2010年7月和11月,采用铗日法对百山祖自然保护区的五岭坑(海拔约900 m)、万里林(海拔约1 100 m)、栗洋村(海拔约1 300 m)、百山祖保护站(海拔约1 500 m)等4个不同海拔保护站的小型兽类进行调查,分析海拔梯度下小型兽类群落结构的垂直变化。共捕获小型兽类101只,隶属于2目3科10种。结果表明,不同海拔小型兽类捕获率与生物量均有极显著差异(P<0.01),优势种社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)捕获率最高,且占有最大比例的生物量,刺毛鼠(Niviventer fulvescens)次之;中海拔(1 100 m～1 300 m)区域小型兽类物种多样性和均匀度高于低海拔和高海拔。与以往研究相似,中海拔(1 100 m～1 300 m)区域的捕获率和生物量均相对较低,不同海拔生境类型及生境中的人为干扰的综合作用可能是造成这一结果的主要原因。

In July and November of the year 2010,4 sampling sites were choosen,namely Wulingkeng （with an elevation of 900 m）, Wanlilin （with an elevation of 1 100 m）, Liyang （with an elevation of 1 300 m） and Baishanzu Station （with an elevation of 1 500 m） ,which are located at different altitudes, aiming to trap small mammals for studying the vertical variation of their communities. A total of 101 indi- viduals of small mammals were captured,belonging to 2 orders,3 families, 10 species. The results showed that capture rates and biomass at 4 altitudes had highly significant differences （P 〈0. 01 ）. The dominant species,Niviventer confucianus,had the highest captured rate and a great percentage of the biomass,fol- lowed by Niviventerfulvescens. Similar to previous studies, both diversity and evenness of small mammals at middle altitudes （1 100 m - 1 300 m） were higher than those at low and high altitudes. On the contrary, captured rate and biomass of small mammals at middle altitudes （ 1 100 m - 1 300 m） were both lower than those at low altitudes and high altitudes. It was indicated that the comprehensive effect of habitat types at different altitudes and human disturbances in habitats might be the cause of this result.