上海动物园圈养东方白鹳种群动态研究

Population Dynamics of Captive Ciconia boyciana in Shanghai Zoological Park

根据上海动物园33年(1979—2012年)圈养东方白鹳的记录,运用Sparks1.6及pm×1.0软件对圈养种群进行统计学和遗传学分析。上海动物园自1979年开始圈养东方白鹳,至2012年12月31日,共圈养了119只个体。自1984年首次成功繁殖东方白鹳至今,共繁殖了111只。目前,平均种群周期增长率(λ)=1.031,种群处于衰退边缘:自1986年,上海动物园未再从野外引进东方白鹳,至2006年,圈养种群中已经没有来源于野外的个体;2006年至今,种群数量持续下降,未有个体出生,现存种群中未知性别个体占总数的87.5%;现存个体存在近亲现象,现存种群建立者和潜在建立者为0。种群管理不完善是造成上述状况的主要因素。建议引进种源,合理配对,加强繁殖,以便更好地起到异地保护这一珍稀鸟类的作用。

Based on the records of captive Ciconia boyciarta in Shanghai Zoological Park from 1979 to 2012,population statistics and genetics were analyzed by Sparks 1.6 and pmx 1.0 software.The Ciconia boyciana was bred in Shanghai Zoological Park from 1979, and till Dec. 3 l, 2012, the captive population reached 119.A total of 111 individuals were reproduced in Shanghai Zoological Park since the first reproduction in 1984.At present, the average growth rate （h.）was 1.031 ,which indicated the population was tend to decline. From 1986 ,no individuals were introduced ,and there were no individuals from the wild until 2006.The population declined constantly and no reproduction appeared until 2006,the percentage of unknow sex individuals was 87.5%.Inbreeding tended to be a main problem for current population because there was neither founder nor potential founder. Poor population management should be responsible for this condition.We suggest introduction for reproduction, reasonable mating, promote reproduction, to enhance the ex-situ conservation of this endangered species.