基于高阶统计量的地震子波提取方法评价

Evaluation approaches for wavelet pickup based on high-order statistics

基于高阶统计量的子波提取方法可提取一个非最小相位的地震子波,但需要对地震资料和地下反射系数序列分布进行一定假设,且子波提取方法是一个开环过程,在实际应用中还存在提取子波的稳定性、唯一性、精度、抗噪能力、收敛性及带限数据长度适应性等问题,因此该法的有效性及提取子波的准确性仍有待验证。本文对主要的几种子波提取方法进行了综述,其中包括:基于测井资料进行井旁子波提取评价、利用地震反演进行子波提取评价、基于合成地震记录与实际地震记录比较的子波提取评价、基于子波本身属性的子波提取评价。文中对各方法的优势和不足进行了全面分析,认为基于地震记录属性参数和子波属性的动态评价方法能够更有效地评价子波提取方法的有效性和提取子波的精度,通过分析提取子波的属性参数和相应的地震记录的属性参数之间的关系及其对基于高阶统计量的子波提取方法的影响程度,可为子波提取方法的修正和完善提供借鉴。

The seismic wavelet pick-up based high order statistics belongs to statistical wavelet pick-up approaches.This method is widely used in recent years because it makes full use of statistical information of seismic data to extract seismic wavelet with non-minimum phase without logging information.However the method is based on the statistical hypothesis and the statistical information of seismic data,and the accuracy of this wavelet pick-up needs to be tested.In this paper,we analyze and summarize several major evaluation approaches for seismic wavelet pick-up based on high order statistics.These approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages through the evaluation analysis.Then we develop and prospect a dynamic evaluation approach based on seismic record attributes and wavelet attributes.Through in-depth analysis of wavelet attributes and seismic record attributes and the relationship between them,we can find the wavelet pick-up influence.This may be helpful for the further improvement.