植物谷胱甘肽还原酶的生物学特性及功能

Characteristics and Biological Functions of Glutathione Reductase in Plants

谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR:EC 1.6.4.2)是植物体内一种重要的抗氧化酶类,其主要的生理功能是将氧化型谷胱甘肽(oxidaized glutathione disulfide,GSSG)还原成还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH),从而为活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的清除提供还原力,保护植物免受伤害.文中主要从Gr基因及其氨基酸序列的比较等方面分析了该酶的生物学特性;又对植物逆境响应,酶基因的缺失等方面的研究进行综述,阐释了GR酶在植物体内的作用原理、在逆境胁迫中抗逆表达调控途径及其作用机制;并对已有的研究成果进行总结分析,探讨了GR酶可能的起源及系统进化过程,为今后该酶的研究提供理论参考.

Glutathione reductase （GR; EC 1.6.4.2） , one of the most important bioactive antioxidants in plants, works in the glutathione reducing reaction to generate reduced glutathione （GSH） from its oxidized form （oxidized glutathione, GSSG）. In this reaction, GR helps scavenging reactive oxygen species （ROS） as reducing power and protects plants from ROS damage. In this review, we focused on GR biological functions and characteristics by study their distribution and comparing gene and amino acid sequences. In order to make the discussion clearly, we summarized a huge amount of relative research progresses - plants＇ GR functions in stress conditions and enzyme-deficiency researches. As a result, a conclusion on GR functions in plant in vivo was made, particularly on the expression and regulation functions of GR pathway and physiological functions of metabolic products. Further, we discussed its possible origins of GR and made a hypothesis on its evolutionary process based on former research results and our theoretical analysis. This review will make a significant reference for further researches on GR.