证据概念研究述评与思考——由诉讼程序的动态性切入

Review of Research on Evidence Concept——Perspective of Dynamic of Lawsuit Process

我国目前关于证据概念的表述有事实说、根据说、信息说、手段说、材料说等数十种,但由于立法上、理论上、实践上三大悖论的存在,每一种学说都无法全面涵盖证据的本质。由此,根据动态的诉讼程序中证据在不同阶段的演变,为证据的概念进行科学界定,提出裁判作出前证据概念的"材料说"——可能证明案件事实的材料;以及据以定案的证据概念的"狭义根据说"——用以证明案件事实的根据。

There are at present dozens of definitions to interpret the concept of evidence in China. No matter what they are based on, such as fact, proof, information, approach or material etc., none of them could fully represent the property of evidence because of conflicts between legislation, theory and juridical practice. On the grounds of evidence's dynamic, this paper proposes a before-verdict material-based definition, which views evidence as materials confirming the fact of the case,and an after-verdict narrow-proof-based definition, which regards evidence as proof of the fact of the case.