关于推进长江流域渔业生态补偿制度建设的思考

Reflections on promoting the construction of payment for fishery ecosystem services in the Yangtze River basin

渔业生态系统是整个长江流域生态系统的重要组成部分,对于维持该流域经济、社会的可持续发展和生态战略安全具有重要意义。本文在分析长江流域渔业生态系统变化趋势基础上指出,渔业生态补偿制度是遏制该流域渔业生态系统继续恶化的客观需求及重要制度安排;对于渔业生态系统多功能性及其价值、补偿主体及客体等理论认识的不足、利益相关者众多、制度建设不完善等是在该流域实施渔业生态补偿制度的主要障碍因素。鉴于此,提出了应加强长江流域渔业生态补偿的主体、补偿的客体、补偿的标准、补偿的方式、补偿的资金来源等相关问题的理论研究,并充分关注长江流域渔业生态补偿的特殊要求、确立全局及系统观点,将渔业生态补偿纳入长江流域生态补偿大框架,最终建立以纵向宏观调控为主、以横向市场机制为辅的长江流域渔业生态补偿机制。

Fishery ecosystem is significant to maintain the economic and social sustainable development and ecological security in Yangtze River basin, which is the important part of the whole ecosystem in this area. On the analysis of the trend of Yangtze River fisheries ecosystem, it is pointed out that payment for fishery ecosystem services （PFES） is an important institutional arrangement to prevent the deterioration of the fishery ecosystem in Yangtze River basin, and the insufficient knowledge of stakeholders on the functions of fishery ecosystem and their values, subjects and objects of payment for ecosystem services, redundant stakeholders, and imperfect institution are the main obstacles to implement PFES in this area. So, it is suggested that ： （ 1 ） more theoretical researches on the subjects, the objects, standards, ways and funds of payment for fishery ecosystem services should be carried out; （2） the institution of PFES, which is devised based on the special requirements and characteristics of this area, should be merged into the whole payment for Yangtze River basin ecosystem services ; （3） In order to improve the efficiency of the mechanism, macroeconomic regulation and control system should be the primary part of the PFES in Yangtze River basin, which should also be supplemented by market mechanisms.