印度洋金枪鱼渔业中鲨鱼兼捕率

Shark bycatch in Indian Ocean tuna fisheries

鲨鱼作为金枪鱼渔业中主要兼捕种类之一,其兼捕率却较少见报。本文利用印度洋1950～2010年金枪鱼渔业生产统计数据,分析了不同作业渔具的鲨鱼兼捕率。结果表明,印度洋金枪鱼渔业中鲨鱼平均兼捕率为9.30%,其中流刺网、线钓、延绳钓、围网以及其他作业渔具兼捕率分别为22.14%、16.27%、2.59%、0.43%和56.95%,且流刺网的鲨鱼兼捕量为最高。该区域兼捕鲨鱼共计19种(包括未定种),每种作业渔具未定种的捕捞量占比最高。建议在印度洋海域有针对性地发展选择性渔具,加大鲨鱼物种鉴别和数据统计能力,综合利用兼捕物种,增加经济价值。

Few reports about bycatch rate have focused on shark which is the main component in tuna fishery. We analyzed shark bycatch rate based on the database from IOTC from 1950 to 2010. The results showed that the mean shark bycatch rate was 9.30% , and that of gillnet, line, longline, purse seine, and others was 22.14%, 16.27%, 2.59%, 0. 43% and 56.95% , respectively. 19 taxa of sharks （including unknown species） have been recorded, and abundances of unknown species were the most in each gear. According to the results above, it is necessary for Indian Ocean fisheries to develop selective fishing gears, identify more specific species and utilize bycatches fully for increasing economic values.