从伏波铜鼓的史籍记载看伏波崇拜文化的发展范围

On the Development Scope of Fubo Worship Culture from Historical Records of Fubo Bronze Drum

在关于伏波将军马援的史籍记载中,伏波铜鼓的传说相当广泛。关于铜鼓的记载最早出自《后汉书.马援列传》,据历代文献记载,广东、广西、海南各地都曾出土与伏波将军相关的铜鼓,而实际上伏波铜鼓是以讹传讹的结果。文章从史籍中有关伏波铜鼓的产生与流变入手,结合前代学者对铜鼓类型与分布地域的研究,讨论岭南伏波崇拜文化的传播与发展。

Of various legends about Fubo General Ma Yuan,the tale of the bronze drum is one of the most popular.The account of the bronze drum first appeared in the Collected Biography of Ma Yuan in History of the Later Han Dynasty.In line with documentary records of past dynasties,the Fubo bronze drum had been found in Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan and other adjacent areas;while the tale of the Fubo bronze drum is actually a piece of information wrongly relayed.Since the later part of the 19th century,scholars from the West,Japan,Vietnam and our country have started to study the bronze drum found in China and Southeast Asia countries in the perspective of archeology and folklore,and have gained fruitful results.Starting with the occurrence and changes in the tale of the Fubo bronze drum in historical records,this paper attempts to analyze the fallacious tale and its cause and to discuss the spread and development of Fubo worship culture in areas south of the Five Ridges based on studies on the type and region of the bronze drum conducted by scholars of previous generations.