莎士比亚与权力

On the Consciousness of Power in Shakepears＇ s Works

在后结构主义理论和西方马克思主义的影响下，西方莎学自1970年代开始更多关注莎士比亚的权力意识。权力关系不仅涉及创作主体所处时代的社会政治，而且作为主题出现在莎士比亚的作品中，这种关系更存在于后世对莎士比亚作品的接受过程中。20世纪后期以来最有影响的文学研究流派，如新历史主义、文化唯物主义、女性主义等等，无不拿莎翁说事，要么用他为新理论新方法开道要么把他的作品当成实验品。

Power relations in Shakespeare＇ s texts and in the contexts of his writing and reception have received substantial attention by literary scholars in the Western academia since the 1970s. The major critical trends, including new histori- cism, cultural materialism, and feminism and many of their derivatives, are concerned with how the Bard treats power rela- tions in his theater and in his dramatic texts. This study will review how major literary trends approach Shakespearean power relations. Situating these trends＇ practices in their theoretical context, this paper will demonstrate the strengths of vari- ous approaches and critique the weaknesses of their persuasions these approaches reveal in face of postmodern reality.