某联勤医院海潜人员住院患者疾病构成分析及对策

Analysis on the disease spectrum among naval and diving personnel hospitalized in a certain joint medical service hospital and related preventive counter-measures

目的了解潜艇艇员和潜水员(以下简称海潜人员)近年来患病住院的主要疾病病种及其变化规律,为海潜人员常见疾病的防治提供可靠依据。方法收集2008-2011年在我科住院的潜艇艇员、潜水员病案资料,对其住院期间诊治的疾病进行统计分析,并总结主要疾病构成、发病的相关因素及预防对策。结果住院海潜人员主要疾病构成前10位依次为:颈腰椎病、胃肠道疾病、外伤、高血压病、关节病变、皮肤病、心脏异常、泌尿生殖道疾病、呼吸道疾病、血管神经性眩晕及头痛。结论住院海潜人员疾病发病与工作环境条件差,精神压力大,自我防护意识差等因素有关,相关部门应高度重视海潜人员身心健康状况,尽可能改善其工作环境、条件,加强疾病知识普及,做好相关疾病的预防工作。

Objective To know the main disease types and change pattern of the hospitalized naval and diving personnel in recent years, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of those commonly encountered diseases among naval and diving personnel. Methods Medical history data of the submariners and divers hospitalized in our department between 2008 and 2011 were collected. Statistical analysis was made on the disease types of the hospitalized personnel. Then, a summary was made on the disease spectrum, factors associated with the occurrence of diseases, as well as preventive counter-measures. Results The top 10 diseases of the hospitalized naval and diving personnel were： cervicolumbar disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, traumas, hypertension, arthropa- thy, dermatosis, cardiopathy, genitor-urinary dysfunction, respiratory disorder, angioneurotic vertigo and headache. Conclusion Dis- ease incidence of the naval and diving personnel was closely related with the following factors ： poor working conditions, great mental strain and low awareness of self-protection. Related authorities should attach great importance to the psychosomatic health status of the naval and diving personnel. Efforts should be made to improve their working and living conditions. More importantly, efforts should be made for the popularization of knowledge on diseases and prevention of associated diseases.