理想读者视角下的批评话语分析

Critical Interpretation Analysis from the Perspective of Idealized Reader Framework

长期以来,批评话语分析疏于对读者认知的系统研究,只注重文本分析和社会文化解释,而对解读阶段的研究只"提"不"问"。O’Halloran(2003)的"理想读者框架"为研究读者认知提供了参照点,但该框架只强调读者的个体认知和阅读目的,限制了读者的类型,割裂了读者的个体认知与社会认知,忽视了对阅读前读者知识结构的研究,简单地将认知付出等同于话语理解的深度。将个体认知与社会认知结合起来,区分不同类型的读者,研究具有意识形态性质的知识结构,有助于更好地把握意识形态如何通过文本在大众中传播和变化。

Since its emergence in the 1970s, critical discourse analysis lays its emphasis more on the text analysis and the socio-cultural analysis than on the interpretation analysis. O＇Halloran＇s idealized reader framework tries to address such a tendency. However, this framework overemphasizes the role of the reader＇s personal cognition and specific reading goal, segregates personal cognition and social cognition and overlooks the research on the knowledge types in the reader＇s mind, especially those with ideological flavors. Moreover, in such a framework, the depth of understanding is simply determined by the cognitive efforts. It is necessary to combine personal cognition and social cognition in the research of pre-reading knowledge structure such that themechanism of ideology can be better grasped.