“活”在田野——人类学表述与训练的典型场景

Living on the Field:The Typical Scene of Anthropological Expression and Training

田野工作之所以成为人类学学科的重要标识,缘于两者意趣之共通于"活"的状态。它具体表现在,生生不息的日常生活所携带的重复与灵动,与文化蕴含的强制性与超越性相呼应,使探究日常生活的田野工作为人类学研究提供着"活"素材;田野工作作为人类学者的"活态训练场",在关系性力量的生成与磨砺中,给人类学者注入感悟异文化的勇气和智慧,人类学者便有能力在对文化的实证研究中,承担起其"人型文化翻译器"的职责,从而实现对学术共同体的塑造;最后,田野工作有助于面向当代中国文化事项,为促进平等对话提供经验基础,并实现具有中国文化蕴含的表达,谋求人类学生存与发展。

The reason why fieldwork becomes one of the significant symbols in anthropology lies in that they all share the same characteristic of being ＂alive＂. Specifically speaking, there is correspondence between the repetition and vivid-ness embodied in vigorous daily life and coerciveness and transcendentality con-tained in cultures, enabling fieldwork, which focuses on experiencing daily life, to provide ＂living materials＂ for anthropological studies. As the ＂living training ground＂ for anthropologists, fieldwork is created and developed by the power of relationship. During this process, anthropologists are filled with courage and wisdom for realizing and understanding exotic cultures. Anthropologists thus bear the responsibility of being ＂humanoid cultures translators＂ in the empirical anthropological study on cultures, and thus the academic community is shaped. In conclusion, fieldwork would be a lot of help to take up the cultural undertak-ing of China, provide experience for promoting equal dialogues, achieve expres-sion with Chinese connotation, and seek for survival and development of anthro-pology.