摘要
关中方言完成体的主要标记是"咧"。本文根据具有不同动相义[aktionsart]的动词与"咧"的搭配与限制,讨论关中方言完成体的各种体意义。瞬间/存现类动词(如"死")与"咧"的搭配最为稳固,表示"前状的结束"和"现状的开始"同时发生,后者为语用推理义,更凸显。具有持续义动词(如"写")与"咧"搭配后,凸显持续动作的结束,同时也有对现状产生影响的语用推理义。瞬间发生类动词(如"咳嗽")一般排斥和"咧"连用,由于其很难产生影响现状的语用推理义。具有量变特征的状态词在关中方言以至汉语中都可以和完成体标记连用,却不能与进行体连用。"咧"兼表时和情态,但不是主要功能。"咧"和"来"具有一定的对立互补性,主要体现是是否对"现状"产生影响。
The main marker of the perfect aspect of Guanzhong dialect is "lie". According to the collocations and limits of the verbs of different aktionsart meanings, various aspect meanings in Guan- zhong dialect are discussed. The collocations of transitory/existent verbs, such as the word "si (meaning death)", are most stable. The coincidence of expressing "the end of previous state" and "the beginning of the present state" exists with the latter being pragmatic use meaning and more prominent. The verbs denoting continuity, such as the word "xie (meaning writing)", if collocated with "lie", mean the end of the continuous action, whist the pragmatic meaning can be inferred affecting the present state. Verbs denoting transitory actions, such as "kesou (meaning cough)", generally repels the collocation with ".lie" on account of the fact that the pragmatic meaning cannot be inferred affecting the present state. The words denoting state with quantitative changes can be used in the perfect aspect in Guanzhong dia- lect and Chinese. However, it cannot be collocated with the continuous aspect. "Lie" doubles as the ex- pression of tense and modality, which is not its main function. "Lie" and "lai" are both contradictory and complementary, with the main manifestations being whether the "present state" can be affected.
出处
《咸阳师范学院学报》
2013年第3期34-39,共6页
Journal of Xianyang Normal University
关键词
“咧”
关中方言完成体
动相
现状相关性
"lie"
the perfect aspect in Guanzhong dialect
aktionsart
relevance to the present state