2001—2009年中国北部冬小麦生育期和产量变化

Changes of Winter Wheat Growth Period and Yield in Northern China from 2001-2009

【目的】研究中国北部冬麦区水地组小麦品种农艺性状适应气候变暖的变化规律,为小麦品种改良提供理论依据和指导方法。【方法】利用2001—2009年国家冬小麦区域试验北部冬麦区水地组对照品种的农艺性状和该地区相关气象资料,研究对照品种农艺性状变化规律,并进行农艺性状和气象要素的相关分析。【结果】对照品种出苗日期和成熟日期逐渐推迟;生育期逐渐缩短,且与年平均温度和生育期≥0℃积温呈负相关;生殖生长阶段随着相应期间≥0℃积温的增加而延长;随着气候变暖,千粒重和每公顷产量呈增加趋势。农艺性状相关分析表明,千粒重与每公顷产量呈极显著正相关,生殖生长阶段与每公顷产量呈较强正相关;多元线性回归分析表明,株高和千粒重2性状决定了产量变异的95.7%。【结论】气候变暖对北部冬麦区冬小麦生长发育有较强的影响,选育生育期较短,但生殖生长阶段较长,千粒重大的高产品种是北部冬麦区未来适应气候变暖的品种改良方向。

[Objective] The objective of this study is to analyze the changes of wheat agronomic traits in northern China winter wheat zone adapted to climate warming, and provide scientific evidence for the variety improvement in the future. [Method] Agronomic traits data and meteorological data from 2001 to 2009 in Northern China were analyzed, and the correlation analysis was done in this paper. [Result] For check variety, its emergence and maturation date were later; and the growth period were shorten. Correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation with annual average temperature and ≥0℃ accumulated temperature in growth period. Along with the increase of ≥0℃ accumulated temperature corresponding period, reproductive growth stage tended to be longer, the 1000-kernal weight and yield per hectare increased. Correlation analysis also showed that the yield per hectare had a positive correlation significantly with 1000-kernal weight and reproductive growth stage. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that 95.7% of yield per hectare variation was determined by plant height and 1000-kernal weight. [ Conclusion ] The impact of climate warming on wheat growth and development in irrigated land winter wheat zone in Northern China was obvious. Therefore, the variety improving direction needs to be adjusted to fit the climate warming, shorter growth period, longer reproductive growth stage, larger 1000-kernal weight and high yield should be the improving direction in irrigated land winter wheat zone in Northern China.