籽瓜氮、磷、钾肥料效应的研究

Study of Effects of NPK Fertilizer on Seed Watermelon

【目的】明确种植籽瓜的最佳施肥方案,使籽瓜施肥规范化、标准化,低耗高效、合理利用资源。【方法】试验采用"3414"最优设计方案,即3因素(氮、磷、钾),4个水平,14个处理,进行田间小区试验。【结果】甩蔓期和幼瓜膨大期是籽瓜的需肥临界期。氮肥增产效应主要表现在N1水平上,产量增幅明显,增产幅度为18.4 kg/667 m2。在N3水平时对应的籽瓜产量增产幅度呈明显递减趋势。磷肥在田间对籽瓜产量的增产效应不是非常明显。钾肥在田间对籽瓜的增产效应表现在K1水平中籽瓜产量增产达到最大,而后随着钾肥施肥量的增加籽瓜产量的增幅呈递减趋势。【结论】在甩蔓期主施N、P肥,而在幼瓜膨大期主施K肥。最佳施肥量为N-P2O5-K2O=12.19-7.08-5.19,适宜施用比例为1.72∶1∶0.73。

[ Objective ] To nail down the optimal fertilization schemes for planting seed watermelon, which could ensure the normalization and standardization of fertilization and reduce consumption in order to use resource reasonably. [ Method ] The optimal scheme 3414＇was adopted in the field plot experiment, including the three factors （N, P, K） and four levels and fourteen treatments. [ Results] The critical periods of fertilization for seed watermelon were vine stretch and young melon inflation. The main effects of yield were showed on the level of nitrogen 1 （ N1 ）, which increased the yield by 18.4 kg/667 m^2. And the yield of seed watermelon was obviously decreased on the level of N3. No significant effects of increasing yield for seed watermelon in phosphorus （P） level. The yield of seed watermelon reached maximum in the level of potassium 1 （ K1 ） then decreased obviously with the fertilization. [ Conclusion ] The fertilizers of N, P and K were respectively used in the stages of vine stretch and young melon inflation. The optimal fertilization amount was： N-P-K=12.19-7.08 -5.19 and the suitable ratio ofN： P： K was about 1. 72： 1： 0.73.