古尔班通古特沙漠短命植物种子萌发生态分析

Analysis on Germination Characteristics of Ephemeral Plant in Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang

【目的】研究新疆古尔班通古特沙漠地区四种短命植物中亚虫实(Corispermum heptapotamicum Iljin.)、倒披针叶虫实(Corispermum lehmannianum Bge)、山地铁齿花(Sideritis montana L.)和狭果鹤虱(Lappula semiglabra(Ldb.)Gurke)的种子萌发生态特性。【方法】测定种子的千粒重以及温度和光照对于种子萌发生态特性的影响。【结果】(1)四种植物的千粒重均较小,中亚虫实、倒披针叶虫实、山地铁齿花和狭果鹤虱的千粒重分别为0.224、0.435、0.172和0.557 g;(2)高温可促进中亚虫实和山地铁齿花种子尽早萌发,而强光抑制中亚虫实种子却促进山地铁齿花种子的萌发,高温抑制狭果鹤虱种子的萌发且温度过高(25℃)时种子萌发率急剧下降,光照不是决定狭果鹤虱种子萌发的决定性因素;(3)四种种子休眠期均较短。【结论】(1)在环境条件相同的情况下,植物的各种特性受遗传因子的影响会表现出一定的个体差异;(2)短命植物生长发育节律较快。

[ Objective ] A laboratory study was made on germination characteristics of four ephemeral plants （Corispermttm heptapotamicum Iljin. , Cor/spermum lehmanianum Bge, Sideritis montana L. and Lappula semiglabra （ Ldb. ） Gtirke in Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang. [ Method ] Seed weight, light and temperature＇s effects on germination were assayed. [ Result] （I）The seed weight of four species were light, and the 1,000 - seed - weight of Corispermum heptapotamicum Iljin. , Corispermurn lehmannianum Bge, Sideritis montana L. and Lappula semiglabra （Ldb.） Gtirke were 0. 224, 0. 435, 0. 1717 and 0. 557g, respectively; （2）High temperature enhanced the germination of Corispermura heptapotamicum Iljin. and Sideritis montana L. , howerer, intensive light inhibited the germination of Corispermurn heptapotamicum Iljin. but enhanced Sideritis montana L.＇s germination. High temperature inhibited Lappula semiglabra（ Ldb. ） Gtirke germination and when the temperature was too high （ i. e. 25℃ ） the germination decreased severely. Light was not the determining factor in germination of Lappula semiglabra（ Ldb. ） Gtirke. （3） The dormancy stage of four species was short. [ Conclusion ] （ 1 ） In the same environment condition, plant will display certain individual differences affected by genetic factors; （2）Ephemeral florae have a quick developmental rhythm.