新疆褐牛放牧饲养条件下放牧强度对草地及家畜的影响

Influence of Grazing Gradients on Grassland and on Xinjiang Brown Cattle

【目的】研究针对新疆褐牛草原放牧饲养,分析不同放牧强度对草地群落高度、盖度、密度、地上生物量、重要值和家畜体增重等的影响。【方法】试验设围栏小区控制放牧。【结果】不同放牧强度下草地群落的高度随放牧时间的延长,呈现显著性的变化,密度随放牧强度的增加,差异不显著,短时间放牧对群落密度影响不大。草地群落盖度处于逐渐降低趋势,总体表现为CK>轻度放牧(LG)>中度放牧(MG)>重度放牧(HG)。随牧草生育期的推进,草地群落地上生物量呈现逐渐下降趋势。草地群落物种重要值表明,优良牧草比例下降,而亚洲百里香(Thymus asiaticus)、草原苔草(Carex liparocarpos)及杂类草比例上升。牛体增重的影响表现在中牧条件下单位面积草地上新疆褐牛的增重效果最好。【结论】确定适宜放牧强度与载畜量,为合理利用草地提供了科学依据。

[ Objective ] The project aimed to study the influence of cattle grazing gradients on plant community height, density, coverage, aboveground biomass and weight of cattle. [ Method] Small area with fences for pasturing cattle was applied in this experiment. [ Results ] The result showed that community height of different grazing gradients displayed significant changes with the grazing time prolonged and no significant change with the increase of gradients. Shorter time grazing affected the community density little. Community coverage is gradually reducing and the overall performance is ： CK 〉 LG 〉 MG 〉 HG. Community aboveground biomass is the same as the coverage, and the community important value showed that the ratio of good grass has decreased, while the ratio of Thymus asiaticus, Carex [iparocarpos and miscellaneous grass were increased. The weight of cattle showed that MG was the best in grazing. [ Conclusion ] The results of the study can provide scientific bases to determine suitable grazing gradient and reservoirs.