百年科举评价:从盲目批判到理性平反——兼论科举评价思维的历史变迁

Centennial Evaluations of Imperial Examination:From the Blind Criticism to the Rational Vindication——also on the historical changes of the thinking of imperial examination evaluations

科举制度在清末被废止,然而国人对它的评价并未就此终结,一直持续到现在。百余年来,人们对科举的评价态度历经了由盲目批判到理性平反的重大转变。这折射出人们在认识和评价科举之思维方式上的历史变迁,即由形而上学思维转变为辩证法思维。科举评价之变迁的动因有很多,其中社会因素是主导,但也不乏评价者个人因素的作用。

Imperial examination system was abolished in the late Qing Dynasty. However, Chinese people＇s evaluations of it didn＇t come to an end; they are continued to the present. For the past 100 years or more, people＇s attitude towards imperial examination has showed a major shift from the blind criticism to the rational vindication. This reflects the historical change of the mode of thinking in the un-derstanding and evaluation of imperial examination, which is from metaphysical into dialectic. There are many reasons contributing to the change of imperial examination evaluation：the social ones are dominant, but the personal factors of the evaluator are also very important.