图像学方法与佛教造像研究

Iconographical Methods and Research in Statute of Buddhism

根据图像学的方法,分析中国古代佛教造像艺术风格产生的原因及其美学意义与文化价值。按照时代顺序、地域分布和艺术风格,将目前保存的佛教造像作品,分为8大类:1.佛教初传时期,形成"河西三样式";2.剽悍的西北民族塑造出雄浑强健的"后秦风格";3.北魏早、中、晚期,在复杂的周边环境的熏染下形成三种形态各异的风格;4.东西两魏,既不同于北魏,又两相迥异;5.北周佛像充满着新生政治集团的朝气;6.新一度的大一统,使隋代出现巨佛崇拜;7.大唐由盛转衰,经历四个不同阶段,佛教造像各有千秋;8.宋代俗世化的佛教,使造像艺术充满了人间情趣。

The writer On the basis of the method of iconography, the author analyses the reason which establishes the artistic style of building Buddhist statutes in ancient China and its aesthetic significance and culture value. This writer, according to times sequence different regions and artistic styles, divides the works were kept intact up to now into eight parts. 1. The initial stage of Buddhism disseminating, forming ＂three types in Hexi region＂ （in Northwest- ern Gansu. So called because it lies to the west of the yellow River）; 2. ＂Style in later Qin Dynasty＂ which were powerful and vigorous and created by intrepid nation in Northwest; 3.Three forms differ from each other gradually in- fluenced by complex surrounding environment, i.e. the early stage, the middle stage and the late stage in Wei Dynas- 4.Eastern Wei Dynasty and Western Wei Dynasty which were not only differ from Northern Wei Dynasty, but al- so differs from each other; 5.Statute of Buddha is full of vitality of newly established political group; in Northern Zhou Dynasty; 6.Because of the great nation unity once again, giant Buddha was worshiped in Sui Dynas ful Great Tang Empire＇ s rise and fall, going through four different stages, the statute of Buddhism each merit; 8.In Song Dynasty Buddhism was common customs, making statute full of daily prattles.