深圳湾景观类型转移强度分析

Analysis of Landscape Transfer Intensity at Shenzhen Bay

将深圳特区城市化过程划分为城市化初期、发展期、加速期和后期4个阶段,采用100、200和300 m3种不同尺度的网格分析方法,定量描述了深圳湾地区基围、红树林和滩涂3种湿地景观类型的变化过程。结果表明:①发展期阶段的基围处在中强度转移的很多,并集中在城市化速度最快的福田区,说明基围在发展期遭受了严重的人为破坏,大量的基围在该区域转化成建成区。从1989年开始,基围发生转入的网格比例很小,且强度较低。②红树林转移的发生区域主要集中在福田红树林保护区附近,其转入基本处于低转移强度。1989年至1998年间,红树林发生了高强度的转出。③滩涂的转移情况较为复杂,一方面体现在空间上转移范围的非连贯性,一方面体现在时间上转入转出的反复性,作为海岸交错的连接带,滩涂的转出基本沿着海岸带分布。围海造田等人为干扰使得滩涂等自然景观不断地向城市建成区等人工景观转移,深圳湾的海岸线逐渐向浅海延伸,海岸线的长度正在不断地缩减。④3种尺度分析都是建立在Jenks自然分类法基础上的转移强度网格,尺度的大小对四类转移强度的空间分布会造成较大的影响,同一阶段同一目标景观的转移强度,会因为网格尺度的不同造成差异。总体上来讲,200 m的网格大小是本研究最适宜的研究尺度,因为它比300 m的尺度保留了尽可能多的景观信息量,同时又剔除了100 m尺度上的信息噪音。

Shenzhen Special Economic Zone （SEZ） was established as a model city in 1979 and it has become a modem industrialization urban during the past three decades. The rapid urbanization has a sig- nificant effect on the wetland landscape, and Shenzhen Bay is a typical example. In this paper, the ur- banization process in Shenzhen special zone was divided into four stages： early urbanization phase, devel- oped urbanization phase, accelerated urbanization phase and later urbanization phase. The quantitative description characteristic of three main wetland landscape types, including Gel Wei, Mangrove and Inter- tidal Zone in Shenzhen Bay, were analyzed with grid analysis method, including three different grid scales, 100, 200 and 300 m, by applying the platforms of ARCGIS. The results are as followed： （1） In the developed urbanization phase, most grids of Gei Wei were transfered with medium strength and focus on the fastest urbanization zone -- Futian District, which means Gei Wei suffered heavily humanity destruction and a lot of Gei Wei changed to the humanity landscape such as the built-up area. From 1989, the number of grids which turned out to other landscape types was small with low transfer intensity. （2） The transfer area of mangrove was mainly concentrated in the vicinity of the Futian mangrove conserva- tion area, and the transfer strength of which is essential low. From 1989 to 1998, the strength that grid of mangrove turned out to other landscape types was very high. （3） The transfer situation of intertidal zone is more complicated. First, its transfer space range was discontinuous. Second, there was a cycle for turn in or out in time. （4） The analyses of three different scales for transfer intensity grid were all based on the Jenks natural classification method. The size of grid may cause greater impact in the space distribution of four transfer intensity types. The grid with 200 m scale was the most appropriate scale for the analysis.