新疆部队新兵营养知识及营养状况干预研究

Study on nutrition knowledge and intervention of nutriture in recruits in Xinjiang troops

目的了解驻疆部队新兵的营养卫生知识掌握情况及营养现状,探索改善军人健康状况的营养干预模式。方法对驻疆某部458名新兵进行营养卫生知识问卷和营养状况的基线、终期调查,按就餐单元将其分为干预组(238人)和对照组(220人)。对干预组实施为期2个月的复合式营养干预,评价干预效果。结果基线调查结果显示,65.8%的新兵缺乏基本的营养卫生常识,获得营养卫生知识的主动意识较弱,存在不良饮食习惯;87.6%新兵体格健康,14.6%的新兵BMI偏高或偏低。进行营养宣教、配餐指导等复合式营养干预后,与对照组相比,干预组新兵的营养卫生知识、态度、行为得分均有明显提高(P<0.01),BMI异常人数的比例降至10.3%。结论针对基线调查发现问题所采用的复合式营养干预措施,使新兵的营养知识水平得到了明显提升,新兵的营养素摄入量及膳食结构更趋于合理,干预效果明显。

Objective To investigate the levels of the nutrition and health knowledge and the nutriture in the recruits in Xinjiang troops,and to explore nutritional intervention mode in order to improve soldiers＇ health status.Methods Questionnaires about the knowledge of nutrition and heath were performed in 458 recruits from a unit in Xinjiang,and the baseline and final levels of those subjects＇ nutriture were investigated,respectively.According to the dining unit,they were divided into intervention group（238 ones） and control group（220 ones）.The intervention group received 2 months of complex nutritional intervention,and the intervention effects was evaluated.Results The results of baseline investigation indicated that 65.8% recruits lacked the basic knowledge about nutrition and health,and they had weak consciousness to actively achieve the nutritional and health knowledge and had unhealthy eating habits.The results also indicated that 87.6% recruits were health and 14.6% had the anomaly BMI.After the complex nutritional intervention,such as nutritional education and guidance for diet,etc,the scores of nutritional knowledge,attitude,and behavior in the intervention group were also significantly increased compared with those in the control group（P 0.01）.The proportion of soldiers with anomaly BMI decreased to 10.3% in the intervention group.Conclusion The complex nutritional intervention obviously improves the nutritional knowledge level of the recruits.Their nutrient intake and dietary pattern tend to be more reasonable,and the effect of intervention is significant.