青年和老年冠心病患者的危险因素分析

Comparison of Risk Factors between Young and Elderly Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

目的:对比分析青年和老年冠心病患者中的主要冠心病危险因素,为不同年龄冠心病的防治提供理论依据。方法:选取冠心病病例共513例,分为青年组146例和老年组367例,收集性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、冠心病家族史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、空腹血糖、血脂、血压、体质指数等临床资料,统计分析两组患者冠心病危险因素。结果:青年组冠心病危险因素主要为冠心病家族史、吸烟史、体质指数和血甘油三酯,在老年组主要为高血压史和糖尿病史。结论:冠心病主要危险因素在青年组和老年组中分布存在统计学差异,冠心病家族史、吸烟史、体质指数和血甘油三酯为青年患者的主要冠心病危险因素,高血压和糖尿病为老年患者的主要冠心病危险因素。在青年人中,尤其是对具有遗传因素(冠心病家族史)的人群中,控制吸烟、体重和血脂水平是预防冠心病的关键,同时,应在老年人群中强调有效控制高血压和糖尿病。

Objective : To compare the risk factors of coronary heart disease between young and elderly patients.Methods : 513cases with coronary heart disease were divided into the young group(146 cases,<45years old) and the elderly group(367cases,≥60years).Clinical characteristics such as sex,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,smoking,drinking,family history of coronary heart disease,total cholesterol,triglycerides,blood glucose,blood pressure and body mass index were obtained and analyzed.Results : The analysis showed that there were significantly differences between the elderly group and the young group according to sex,age,family history of coronary heart disease,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,smoking,drinking,blood pressure,body mass index,total cholesterol and triglycerides(P <0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the remarkable risk factors for coronary heart disease in the elderly group.By contrast,family history of coronary heart disease,smoking,body mass index and triglycerides were the independent risk factors in young group.Conclusion : There were differences in the risk factors of coronary heart disease between young patients and elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Different preventive measures should be adopted in patients of different age groups.