影响阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者上气道口径的解剖因素

Craniofacial factors contributing to upper airway narrowing in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA)患者不同水平上气道径与颌面解剖结构异常之间的关系。方法 采用颌面结构分析法测定 115例男性OSA患者鼻咽、口咽及下咽部 5个层面的气道径及上气道长度、面积值 ,以及 15项颌面结构参数。应用多元回归分析法探讨影响各层上气道径的解剖因素。结果 影响各层面上气道径的解剖因素有一定差异 ,主要包括鼻咽骨性气道径、软腭、下颌后缩及口腔外舌面积等。结论 上气道口径除受多部位解剖因素影响。

Objective To investigate the contributions of craniofacial defects to the upper airway narrowing in different levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Methods Fifteen craniofacial soft tissue and bony structure variables and 7 upper airway variables were measured in 115 male OSA patients using cephalometry technique.Multiple stepwise regression analysis was employed to explore the relative contributions of cephalometric defects to upper airway narrowing in different levels.Results The dimension of airway in a certain level was affected not only by adjacent structures but also by the interactions between various structures,including bony nasopharynx dimension,soft palate,retrognathia and inferior tongue area.Conclusion Many anatomic factors contribute to the upper airway narrowing and understanding of these factors are helpful to the selection of proper treatment modality for OSA patients.