孟子“良知”说的理论旨趣及其德育启示

The Purpose of Mencius' "Conscience" Theory and Moral Education Enlightenment

孟子良知说认为良知是道德的自性自明自觉,是先验的道德情理和精神能量,它能使人成为一个道德主体而存在。孟子认为良知意识具有善的向度和情感、意志、欲望、智慧四个维度,孟子良知说阐释了精神系统的能量结构,确立起传统道德意识论的基本理论范式。在良知理论视域中,道德教育是培养心性,圆融人格,感悟自然的德性修养过程。

The conscience theory of Mencius says that the conscience has moral nature and it is self-evi- dent. It is a transcendentally moral and spiritual power,which makes human a moral subject. Mencius thinks that the consciousness of conscience is pure and has emotion, will, desire and wisdom. The con- science theory explains the power structure of spiritual system and establishes the basic theoretical paradigm of the traditional moral consciousness. In the field of conscience theory, the moral education is the process of cultivating people,perfecting personality and appreciating the nature.