某区部队人群乙型肝炎发病率前瞻性研究

PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON INCIDENCE RATE OF HEPATITIS B IN PEOPLE OF JINAN TROOPS

目的 :摸清部队急性病毒性肝炎与乙型肝炎实际发病率及流行病学特征 ,为部队肝炎防治提供科学依据。方法 :以整群抽样方式 ,抽取某区两个有代表性甲、乙部队为观察对象 ,收集相关资料和血清标本 ,用ELISA法检测肝炎感染指标和血清学分型。结果 :1993～ 1998年部队发生肝炎 10 5例 ,发病率为 0 .90‰ ,各年度发病率为 0 .6 5‰～ 1.71‰ ;其中乙型肝炎 6 1例 ,发病率 0 .52‰ ,各年度发病率为 0 .35‰～ 0 .6 7‰ ,占肝炎发病数的 58.10 %。 1993～ 1998年总漏报率为 10 .2 6 % ,各年度漏报率为 0 %～ 2 3.81%。其中乙部队漏报率 (14.58% )明显高于甲部队(7.2 5% )。肝炎患者中 ,干部肝炎发病率 (1.6 2‰ )和乙型肝炎发病率 (1.0 2‰ )均高于战士(0 .90‰、0 .50‰ )。结论 :部队每年肝炎的实际发病率远高于报告发病率。部队肝炎防治应以乙型肝炎为重点 ,尤其是加强部队干部HBV易感者的预防措施。

Objective:To investigate the actual incidence rate and epidemiological characteristics of acute viral hepatitis and hepatitis B in troops, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of hepatitis.Methods: Using cluster sampling to collect related data and sera from two selected troops (A and B); hepatitis infectious index and serotyping were carried out by ELISA. Results: Totally 105 cases of hepatitis occurred from 1993 to 1998, the incidence rate was 0.90‰,the annual incidence rates was 0.65‰ ～ 1.71‰. In these cases,61 were hepatitis B, the incidence rate was 0.52‰,annual incidence rate was 0.35‰ ～ 0.67‰, and accounted for 58.10% of all hepatitis cases. The total rate failed to report from 1993 to 1998 was 10.26%, and annual rate failed to report was 0%～23.81% ,of which,14.58% in B troop, significantly higher than that in A troop(7.25%).In hepatitis patients, the incidence rates of hepatitis and hepatitis B of cadres (1.62‰ and 1.02‰ respectively) were higher than those of soldiers(0.90‰ and 0.50‰ respectively).Conclusion:The annual actual incidence rate of hepatitis was much higher than that reported. To prevent hepatitis in troops, the emphasis should be put on hepatitis B, especially on the prevention to the cadres who are susceptible to HBV.