中国“美术考古学”的根本问题

On the Fundamental Problem of Meishu Archeology in China

中国的"美术"观念及其用法的层位关系可分为三层:现代中国之"美术"观念为表层(第一层);其下(第二层)为民国前期至清末光绪年间的"美术"观念;再其下(第三层)为清光绪年之前,从康熙乾隆年间下至北宋再下至晋之"美术"观念;而在第一层与第二层里,除有重叠之部分外,又掺杂着外来的观念及其用法——主要是被日本过滤后的"art"、"fine arts"和"Kunstgewerbe"等西方的艺术观;从时间段而言,第一层和第二层的时段大致有百余年,第三层则达一千五六百多年;第三层不仅是目前中国"美术"观念的底层,亦是日本"美术"观念的底层。因此,在建构"美术考古学(科)"之前,有必要先对其核心概念——"美术"——进行考古研究。

The position relationship of the concept and usage of China s ＂fine can be divided into three layers. The surface layer （ the first layer） is the concept of China＇ s modern ＂fine arts＂ ; the second layer is that of ＂fine arts＂ from Guangxu reign of the late Qing dynasty to the early period of the Republic of China; the third layer is that of ＂fine arts＂ before Guangxu reign of the late Qing dynasty, namely Qianlong reign and Kangxi reign, the Northern Song dynasty and the Jin dynasty. Besides the overlap of the first layer and the second layer, the concept of ＂fine arts＂ is mingled with that from other countries, mainly ＂art＂ from Japan, and ＂fine arts＂ and ＂Kunstgewerbe＂ from the western artistic concepts. Measured by time, the period of the first layer and the second layer last about 100 years while the third one lasts more than 1500 years. The third layer is the bottom layer of the concepts of ＂fine arts＂ in both China and Japan.