超声评估神经病理条件下肌肉形态和功能改变

Ultrasound assesses muscle morphology and function under different neuropathological conditions

背景:随着超声成像技术的推广与发展,因为它能实时、无创、便捷和准确地探测到肌纤维长度、羽状角、肌肉厚度和横截面积等肌肉的结构参数,成为评估神经系统疾病对肌肉形态和功能影响的有效手段。目的:分析并讨论超声技术对病理条件下骨骼肌肉测量的优点和在操作应用中为了提高准确性应考虑的问题。方法:检索中英文PubMed和万方数据库,关键词"ultrasound,ultrasonography,B-mode ultrasonography,muscularar chitecture,超声,肌肉形态,肌肉评估",共检索144篇文献,纳入70篇。对肌肉形态学参数进行解读,对超声下肌肉形态测量以评估不同神经病理情况下肌肉功能的研究进行回顾,同时也探讨了现阶段超声应用中为了提高准确性及降低误差水平应该注意的实际问题。结果与结论:超声成像技术能实时,无创,便捷和准确地测量肌肉的形态学参数,从而有效地评估疾病对肌肉形态和功能的影响,其应用有广阔前景。在康复领域中,可以利用超声测量肌肉的形态结构评估肌肉的功能,并指导康复计划的制定、评估康复治疗的效果。在其他领域,已经有医生将之应用于加强护理部门内,以监测因患者制动而引起的肌肉无力,并显示出超声在提供肌肉形态学信息的独特优势。

BACKGROUND： With the promotion and development of ultrasound imaging technology, ultrasound is real-time, non-invasive, convenient and accurate to detect structural parameters of the muscle, such as fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness and cross-sectional area of muscle. Ultrasound assessment has become an effective means to detecting the effect of nervous system diseases on muscle morphology and function. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the advantages of ultrasound technique to detect the skeletal muscle under different neuropathological conditions, and to investigate how to perform accurate operation. METHODS： A computer-based online search of PubMed and Wanfang databases was performed using the keywords of ＂ultrasound, ultrasonography, B-mode ultrasonography, muscular architecture＂ in English and Chinese. A total of 144 articles were retrieved, and final y 74 were included. We performed interpretation of muscle morphological parameters, retrospectively reviewed articles addressing ultrasound measurements of muscle morphology to assess muscle function under different neuropathological conditions, also investigated the actual problems in ultrasound applications at this stage in order to improve operation accuracy and reduce the level of errors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Ultrasound imaging technology is a valuable tool which is real time, noninvasive, convenient and accurate for measurement of muscle morphological parameters. Ultrasonic measurement of muscle morphology, in the field of rehabilitation medicine, can be used to evaluate muscle function, thereby guiding the rehabilitation plan and assaying the effect of rehabilitation treatment. In other areas, ultrasonic measurement of muscle morphology has been applied in care sectors to monitor muscle weakness in patients, displaying the unique advantages of ultrasound that can provide muscle morphological information.