世界历史视野中的亚细亚生产方式——从普遍史观到特殊史观的关系问题

The Asiatic Mode of Production in World History Perspectives:From the Universal View of History to the Particularist View of History

关于马克思"亚细亚生产方式"的讨论,实质是普遍史观和特殊史观的关系问题。马克思立足于世界历史的视角,对亚细亚生产方式的思考和建构,经历了一个从普遍史观到特殊史观的过程;而从俄国革命所提供的"俄国道路"与"俄国方式"到斯大林的社会发展"五形态说",恰恰经历了一个从特殊史观到普遍史观的回归。在建构中国史观的过程中,中国历史发展模式和现实发展经验、马克思社会形态理论和晚年东方社会思想以及俄国十月革命所开启的"俄国道路"和"体制嬗变"是三个不可或缺的重要元素。

Essentially,discussions on Marx's Asiatic mode of production'come down to the relationship between the universal view of history and the particularist view of history. Marx's meditation and construction of the Asiatic mode of production underwent a transition from the universal view of history to the particularist view of history;the evolution from the Russian path'and Russian way'arising from October Revolution to Stalin's 'five forms'of social development represents a return from the particularist view of history to the universal view of history.There are three essential factors in the building of the Chinese view of history:the Chinese mode of historical development and the experience of practical development,the Marxist theory of social forms and his later ideas of the oriental society,as well as the Russian path'and'transmutation' initiated by the October Revolution.