劳动关系的集体化转型与政府劳工政策的完善

The Collective Transformation of Labor Relations and the Improvement of the Government's Labor Policy

中国的劳动关系正由个别劳动关系调整向集体劳动关系调整转型。《劳动合同法》的颁布实施,标志着中国劳动关系的个别调整在法律建构上已经初步完成,同时也开启了劳动关系集体调整的新起点。现实中的个别劳动关系建构和调整,已经无法解决劳资矛盾和维系劳动关系的稳定。在劳动关系集体化转型的过程中,有两种互补的力量和途径:一是政府主导的自上而下的建构过程,二是劳动者自发的自下而上的促进过程。从权利争议到利益争议,是劳动关系集体化转型的重要特点。中国的劳工政策亟待调整和完善,包括劳动关系理论指导和调整模式的选择、集体劳动法的健全、劳动者集体权利的确认以及两种劳工力量的关系处理等。

China is currently undergoing a transformation from individual to collectivized labor relations.The enactment of the Labor Contract Law marks the initial completion of the individual adjustment of labor relations in legal construction,as well as the starting point for the collective adjustment of labor relations.The construction and adjustment of individual labor relations is in practice unable to resolve the conflict between labor and capital or to maintain the stability of labor relations.In the transformation toward collectivized labor relations are two reconciliatory forces and paths,one being the top-down construction dominated by the government,and the other being the sponta- neous bottom-up mobilization from laborers.The shift from right disputes to interest disputes is an important characteristic of the transformation toward collectivized labor relations.The labor policy in China needs to be adjusted and improved.Its content should include:theoretical guidance of labor relations and the selection of an adjustment model,the perfection of collective labor law,the identification with the collective rights of laborers,as well as the handling of the relationship between two labor forces.