辐射测量中的成像效应

The imaging effect in radiation measurement

明确了辐射的非成像测量和成像测量之间的差异并给出数学表述,才能够把已经成熟的非成像辐射测量方法推广至成像测量.本文从辐射测量的基本公式以及成像下目标微元与传感阵列像素的对应关系出发,分别建立了关于辐射的非成像和成像测量式.根据成像面的存在不会改变辐射传输的事实,比较非成像测量式和成像测量式后,可得到成像效应的数学表述.把成像效应与针孔和透镜两种成像技术结合后的分析指出:成像效应的主因是成像光轴角,辅因是测量天顶角;辅因作用的大小取决于测量天顶角与发射天顶角的差异度.

The determination and mathematical descriptions of the difference between the imaging radiation measurement and the non- imaging radiation measurement which is of maturity are necessary for extending the radiation measurement from non-imaging tech- nology to imaging technology. In this paper, the mathematical descriptions of the imaging and non-imaging radiation measurement are deduced based on the basic equations of radiation measurement and the correspondence between the infinitesimal planes of the target and sensor array. Because the imaging plane does not change the radiation transfer between the target and sensor, the mathematical descriptions of the imaging effect can be obtained by comparing the two mathematical descriptions. A concrete analysis of the imag- ing effect based on pinhole imaging and lens imaging is carried out. The results show that the primary cause of the imaging effect is the imaging optical axis angle while the subsidiary cause is the imaging zenith angle, and the influence of the subsidiary cause is determined by the difference between the imaging optical axis angle and the imaging zenith angle.