简论英语语法范畴的形成对语序和附加语位置的影响——兼论“语用-语义-语法-语序”链

Impact on the Word Order Change and the Syntactic Positions of Adjuncts by the Evolution of the English Grammatical Categories:An Exploration of the Link of Pragmatic Motivated-Semantic Bleaching-Grammaticalization-Word Order Change

本文秉承"语用 -语义-语法-语序"相互依存的理论观点,简要阐述了英语语法系统,特别是情态动词、DO 和HAVE 的助动词化对英语SVO 语序的影响。此三类语法范畴是受到主语表达主观性、强施事性和对事件控制的语用需要的驱动而发生语义演变和语法化的,它们反过来固定了主语的位置,强化了SVO语序。历时演化过程中形成的三种句法分区:小句前区、助动区和事件内区对附加语的句法位置产生了一定的影响。

This article,within the framework of the chain of pragmatic motivated-semantic bleaching-grammaticalizationword order change,traces the process of auxilirization of modals,DO and HAVE,and points out their impact on the shaping of English SVO word order.The three grammatical categories,motivated by the pragmatic forces to express subjectivity,high animation and event control,come to have their semantics bleached,and step on the path of grammaticalization.They have fixed the positions of the subjects and make the SVO word order more canonical.Three syntactic zones take shape during the diachronic change: clausal-initial zone,AuxRange zone and event-internal zone,and each has their impacts on the syntactic position of adjuncts.