武汉市学龄前儿童健康教育模式研究

Study of the health education model on preschool children in Wuhan city

【目的】了解健康教育对学龄前儿童常见健康问题的干预效果,探索适合儿童特点的健康教育模式。【方法】利用自行编制的健康教育教材和配套玩教具,实施健康教育系列活动。采用问卷调查,了解健康教育前后儿童及家长关于预防单纯性肥胖、龋齿及维生素A缺乏等的知识、态度及行为变化。【结果】健康教育后,家长及儿童大多数健康相关知识、态度及行为有改善。尤其家长对维生素A缺乏相关问题正确回答率由19.34%～80.66%,增加到66.85%～92.27%,儿童对维生素A缺乏相关问题正确回答率由14.36%～46.96%,增加到67.96%～80.11%,预防维生素A缺乏所有知识及行为的持有率显著提高(P<0.01)。【结论】针对学龄前儿童身心特点,以儿童为主体,家长和儿童共同参与、医教结合的综合干预模式,可明显提高儿童及家长对于健康教育的依从性,有效改善其健康知识、态度和行为。

【Objective】 To understand the intervention effect of health education on preschool children＇s health,and to explore a suitable model for preschool children.【Methods】 Using self-prepared health education materials and self-designed toys to carry out movements.Questionnaires were applied to learn the changes in knowledge,attitude and behavior before and after health education.【Results】 After the education,there were significant improvement in the health related knowledge,attitude and behavior,especially in the prevention of vitamin A deficiency,parents＇ correct answer rate was 19.34%~80.66%,then increased to 66.85%~92.27%;and children correct answer rate was 14.36%~46.96%,then increased to 67.96%~80.11%,the knowledge awareness and good behavior rate increased significantly（P0.01）.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive health intervention model combined with children and parents can improve the adherence of children and parents for health education,and effectively improve the knowledge,attitude and behavior of children and parents.