论山地灾害链

Discussion on Mountain Hazards Chain

山地灾害链是具有灾变条件的山地环境,在致灾因素的作用下,一种山地灾害发生后,引起其他种类山地灾害也相继或滞后发生的灾变现象,通常由泥石流、山洪、滑坡、崩塌、冰崩、雪崩、堰塞湖和水土流失等灾种及其相关灾变现象构成,种类繁多,结构复杂,危害严重。根据山地灾害链的致灾因素不同将其划分成地球内营力作用、外营力作用和人为作用致灾3种类型,并进一步将其划分成8个亚类和128种灾害链形式。分析了山地灾害链的成因,认为山地灾害链是山地灾害的物质、能量和信息在特定条件下相互作用、相互渗透、相互传递和相互转化的结果。通过对山地害链的致灾因素、活动地域与结构特征分析和综合分析显示:山地灾害链的防治难度虽然很大,但除分布在高山和极高山区域、由冰雪崩塌和消融水引发的山地灾害链仅可预防,尚难治理外,其他山地灾害链都是可防、可治的。

The mountain hazards chain is a catastrophic phenomenon of one mountain hazards triggering other moun- tain hazards under the action of inducing disaster factors in mountain region. It is often consist of two or more kinds of mountain hazards including debris flow, flash flood, landslide, collapse, ice avalanche, snow avalanche, barrier lake and water loss and soil erosion, etc. The mountain disaster chains are classified by the inducing disaster factors into 3 types （induced by earth endogenic force, induced by earth exogenic force and induced by human activity） ,8 subtypes and 128 hazard chains. According to the genetic analysis of these hazards chains, the mountain hazards chain is the result of mass transfer and energy conversion of mountain hazards. The analysis of inducing disaster factors, activity location and structure of mountain hazards chains shows that although the mountain hazards chain is difficult to prevent, most of mountain hazards chains can be prevent except mountain hazards chains induced by ice avalanche, snow avalanche and meltwater in high mountain regions.