青藏高原几种高山植物的光合生理特性

Comparison of photosynthetic pigment contents and the chlorophyll fluorescence of characteristics of different plant leaves in alpine meadow of Tibet plateau

以14种高寒草甸植物为材料,研究分析植物叶片的光合色素含量和叶绿素荧光参数,以探究高寒草甸植物适应青藏高原极端环境的光合生理机制。结果表明,黄花鸢尾(Iris pseudoacorus)、美丽风毛菊(Saussurea pul-chra)、鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)和天蓝苜蓿(Medicago lupulina)叶片的单位面积叶绿素含量分别比黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)高284.83%、200.56%、171.35%和148.31%,叶片PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量分别高79.99%、73.94%、68.37%和63.90%,叶片PSⅡ实际光化学效率也具有相同的变化趋势;而黄花鸢尾、美丽风毛菊、兰石草(Lancea tibetica)和麻花艽(Gentiana straminea)叶片的单位叶面积类胡萝卜素含量分别比天蓝苜蓿高393.93%、348.48%、260.61%和233.33%,其叶片的非光化学猝灭也显著高于天蓝苜蓿;黄帚橐吾、珠芽蓼(Po-lygonum viviparnm)和柔软紫苑(Aster flaccidus)叶片的叶绿素a/b值高于2.91,能适应较强光照,而天蓝苜蓿叶片的叶绿素a/b值小于2.5,常生长于植被下层,说明植物能够通过调整光合色素含量和构成而合理有效地利用光能以适应特殊的环境条件。

Tibetan Plateau is known as the ＂Roof of the World＂ with harsh,unique climatic characteristics and geographic conditions and cold, high solar radiation and strong ultraviolet light et al ,and has profound influences on the morphology, photosynthetic pigments content and photosynthetic process of leaf of alpine plants. The plateau climate is important to photosynthetic pigments content, the constituent and photo- synthesis of leaf, few studies have been focused on the relationship between photosynthetic pigments and photosynthesis of alpine plants in the third pole. In this research,14 plants of 9 species were selected and photosynthetic pigments content and the chlorophyll fluorescence of characteristics of leaf in the alpine meadow ecosystem were measured. The results showed that 1） To some extent,the chlorophyll content alpi pho ne plants can reflect the photosynthetic capacity of tosynthetic pigments is closely related to photosynt leave; 2） The different composition proportion hetic physiology of plants.