森林生态系统土壤呼吸时空异质性及影响因子研究进展

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity and effect factors of soil respiration in forest ecosystems: A review

土壤呼吸是全球碳循环的一个重要流通途径,是大气CO2的重要来源之一,是陆地碳循环的重要环节,对温室气体的排放产生直接影响,且关系到科学把握全球变化背景下CO2的排放动态,在全球碳收支中占据重要地位,越来越受到各国学者的广泛关注。在全球变化背景下研究土壤呼吸的时空异质性及其影响因子,可为探索陆地生态系统在碳循环方面的碳源/碳汇功能和揭示"碳失汇之迷",以及减缓气候变暖等方面提供有力的依据。作为一个复杂的生物学与生态学过程,土壤呼吸受到气候、生物以及非生物等因子的影响而呈现时空异质性,并随着各种干扰因子影响的增强,人为因素的作用亦越来越大,该文阐述了森林生态系统土壤呼吸作用的时空动态变化规律、并探讨了影响土壤呼吸速率的各种影响因子,剖析了导致土壤呼吸时空异质性的影响因子,指出自然因子、生物因子和干扰因子共同驱动着土壤呼吸的时空动态变化。并对森林生态系统土壤呼吸作用的模型模拟方面的研究进展进行了综述。最后讨论了森林土壤呼吸时空异质性研究中存在的相关问题,同时提出了今后土壤呼吸研究中应关注的问题,同时对森林生态系统土壤呼吸时空异质性及影响因子的研究方向进行了展望。

Soil respiration is an important process in carbon cycling. Soil respiration of forest ecosystems is an important hot issue in research on regional carbon budget and global change. Understanding the processes and controlling factors of soil respiration are crucial in investigating the terrestrial carbon cycling. Soil respiration is an important distribution channel in global carbon cycle, is one of the important sources of atmospheric CO2, important part of the terrestrial carbon cycle, have a direct impact on greenhouse gas emissions, and related to the science to grasp the context of global change CO2 emissions dynamic, occupy an important position in the global carbon budget, are causing increasingly attention to researchers all over the world. The study of the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration and its influencing factors in the context of global change can explore the carbon, the carbon sink function of terrestrial ecosystems in the carbon cycle and reveal the ＂missing sink＂, provide strong evidence. As a complex biological processes, and ecological processes, soil respiration has been the impact of climate, biological and abiotic factors showed the temporal and spatial heterogeneity, and a variety of confounding factors affect the enhanced role of human factors is also growing large. This paper describes the spatial and temporal dynamic changes of soil respiration in forest ecosystems, and to explore the various factors affecting soil respiration rate, analysis of the impact factors lead to spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil respiration, and pointed out that natural factors, biological factors and confounding factors driven by the spatial and temporal dynamic changes of soil respiration. We reviewed the research progress of the model simulating of soil respiration in forest ecosystem. Finally, we discuss issues related to temporal and spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration in forest ecosystems, and studies of soil respiration should be concerned about the problem in the future. At the same time, we discuss temporal heterogeneity of soil respiration in forest ecosystems and the impact factor the research direction of the prospect.