中国甘草资源的生态分布及其繁殖技术研究

Ecological distribution and propagative technique research of Glycyrrhiza resources in China

甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)是一种重要的食用、饲用及轻工业用原料商品。中国甘草以其独特的形、色、质、味及传统的有效运用,在世界市场享有盛誉。从甘草分类学、生物学特征概述了中国甘草资源的自然特性:在中国,甘草属植物约有29种6个变种,其中只有乌拉尔甘草、胀果甘草和光果甘草列入国家药典;甘草为深根性植物,主要通过地下水平根茎进行繁殖,由于其种子硬实率极高,自然状态下很少进行有性繁殖。从甘草的分布学特征、区划学特征和产区学特征阐述了甘草的生态学特征:甘草作为干旱地区的自然资源之一,生态幅度较宽,分布较广,亚洲中部古老而干旱的高原是其分布的中心,其中新疆、内蒙古、宁夏和甘肃是其主产区。通过种子繁殖、根茎无性繁殖和组培快繁分析了近年来甘草的繁殖技术的发展。同时,展望了建立多元化、科学化配套栽培技术体系是中国甘草可持续发展的根本出路所在。

Glycyrrhiza is a kind of raw goods that can be used for food, forage and light industry. Glycyrrhiza has the special morphological characteristics, color and luster, quality, and taste, especially the effective use by the traditional methods in China, which enjoys a high reputation in the world market. From taxonomy and biological characteristics, the paper summarizes the natural characteristic Glycyrrhiza resources in China. There are about 29 species and 6 varietas of Glycyrrhiza in china, and only the Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza inflate and Glycyrrhiza Glabra lists in China National Pharmacopoeia. Glycyrrhiza is deep-rooting plant, mainly through underground horizontal rhizomes to reproduce, and because of the high Seed hard-seed percentage, it is rarely in sexual reproduction in natural state. From the chorology characteristic, zoning characteristics and production characteristics, the ecological characteristic of Glycyrrhiza is being expounded. As one of the natural resources in the arid areas, Glycyrrhiza has wide ecological amplitude, wide distribution. Its distribution centre is the Old and arid plateau in central Asia, and mainly in Sinkiang, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Gansu. Additionally, from the seed propagation, rhizomes asexual reproduction, seed micro-propagation, the paper analysis the development of propagative technique about Glycyrrhiza in recent years. Meanwhile, after anglicizing the trend, the paper consider the Cultivation technique system of form a complete set as fundamental way to the sustainable development Glycyrrhiza Resources exploration.