近自然理念在园林建设中的应用

Application of Close-to-Nature Concept to Landscaping

随着社会生产力的发展,工业化、城市化、市场化进程不断加快,在带来经济、社会发展的同时,也对生态环境造成影响。城市园林绿地在创造优美人居环境、提高城市环境质量等方面发挥着重要作用。在对过去园林建设的反思及对现实需求思考的基础上,人们提出用近自然理念指导园林建设。国外近自然园林建设经历了几个阶段:从形式上表现自然、将自然引入城市;将园林规划作为城市自然保护和土地使用规划的一部分,减少对自然的破坏;把整个景观作为一个生态系统进行规划设计,以推动城市与自然环境的协调发展。我国在园林建设中要充分体现当地自然特色,高度重视乡土植物,坚持以人为本的原则。

With the development of social productivity, the accelerating process of industrialization, urbanization and marketization has brought in the development of economy and society, but at the same time caused the deterioration of ecological environment. Urban landscaping plays important roles in creating beautiful residential environment and improving cities＇ environment. On the basis of introspection of landscaping in the past and the practical needs, close-to-nature concept has been put forward to guide landscaping. Close-to-nature landscaping abroad had experienced different phases, from embodying nature in form and introducing the nature into city to bringing landscaping as a part of nature conservation and land planning in cities for reducing the destruction of nature, and then to promoting harmonious development between city and natural environment by designing the whole landscape as an ecological system. It was suggested that local natural conditions should be considered, native plants should be paid high attention to and humanity-oriented idea should be fully embodied in the landscaping in China.